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- Abstract is exactly "<p><span style="font-weight:400;">The music of India is one of the oldest unbroken musical traditions in the world. The </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Gandharvas </span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">are the singers; the </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">apsaras </span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">are the dancers, and the kinnaras perform on musical instruments. The dance and music heritage of India is at least 5000 years old; the earliest literary work that reflects the culture of Andhras is Hala’s Gathasaptasati of the Ist century A.D. Andhra </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Mahabharatam </span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">(a Telugu translation of Sanskrit </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Mahabharatam</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">). In this work, poet Nannaya describes </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Nritta, Gita </span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">and </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Vadya </span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">(Dance, Music and Musical Instruments) in connection with </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Raivataka </span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">celebrations. He refers to a number of dance musical instruments such as </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Mridanga, Mukunda, Venu, Kahala</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">, and </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Pataha.</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;"> Sculptures and bas-reliefs in temples, </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">mandapas </span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">and other monuments of the period reflect the dance and music</span></p>"
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